Phytobeneficial Traits and Ecophysiological Stress Tolerance of Rhizobia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18034/ra.v6i2.329Keywords:
Phytobeneficial traits, Ecophysiology, nitrogen fixation, Phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, rhizosphereAbstract
The microorganisms with the aim of improving nutrients availabile for plants are an important practice and necessary for agriculture. During the past couple of decades, plant growth-promoting (PGP) rhizobia have been begun to replace the use of chemicals in agriculture, horticulture and environmental cleanup strategies. Scientific researches involve multidisciplinary approaches to understand adaptation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), their effects on plant physiology and growth, induced systemic resistance, biocontrol of plant pathogens, biofertilization and their tolerance to ecophysiological stresses. This is due to the emerging demand for dependence diminishing of synthetic chemical products, to the growing necessity of sustainable agriculture within a holistic vision of development and to focuss on environmental protection. PGP rhizobia are naturally occurring soil bacteria that aggressively colonize plant roots and benefit plants by providing growth promotion and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Inoculation of crop plants with certain strains of PGP rhizobia at an early stage of development improves biomass production and yields through direct and indirect effects on roots and shoots growth. In this review, we have discussed the phytobeneficial traits of rhizobia which act as PGPR, and their ecophysiological properties, biocontrolability, mechanisms and the desirable properties exhibited by them.
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